![]() ![]() There are no reliable nationwide estimates of the annual number of infants born after prenatal substance exposure. Teenaged pregnant women have the highest rates of illicit drug use (15–17, 20.9%), followed by young adult women (18–25, 8.2%) and adult women (26–44, 2.2%). The rate of illicit drug use varies widely with the woman’s age. Of pregnant women aged 15–44, 5% report current illicit drug use, a proportion not significantly different than in the previous study year. The percentage of pregnant women in this age group who report smoking tobacco in the last month has not changed significantly in the last decade, while tobacco use among nonpregnant women in the same age group has decreased slowly but significantly each year. Of pregnant women aged 15–44, 17.6% report smoking tobacco in the last month, a figure that represents a small, nonsignificant increase from the 2009–20–2009 findings. 1990 Figdor & Kaeser, 1998 Murphy & Rosenbaum, 1999 Paltrow, 1999 Paltrow & Flavin, 2013 Roberts, 1991).įigures from the most recently-published report from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2012) state that, of pregnant women aged 15–44, 9.4% reported current alcohol use, 2.6% reported binge drinking, and 0.4% reported heavy drinking. Substance-using pregnant women, especially women of color and women in lower socioeconomic brackets, are subject to increased surveillance and may face arrest, prosecution, conviction and/or child removal (Banwell & Bammer, 2006 Boyd, 1999 Chasnoff et al. In addition, the past three decades have seen prenatal substance use become a criminal justice issue as the fetal protectionism movement spurred the increasing use of criminal sanctions for “deviant” mothers. ![]() The impact of their substance use on their personal health and the health of their fetuses is a public health concern, as professionals in this field are dedicated to improving maternal and infant health. Pregnant women who misuse substances (alcohol, tobacco, and prescription and illicit drugs) are positioned at the nexus of public health and criminal justice intervention. ![]()
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